Cannabinoids, such as THC and CBD, are key compounds found in the cannabis plant. Scientists have identified more than 100 of these chemical components, each with their unique properties and potential benefits. Our Hemp Handbook explores some of the most well-known cannabinoids and how they are incorporated into multiple wellness products.

Formed through enzymatic biosynthesis reactions inside the cannabis plant, cannabinoid acids play a vital role in the plant’s natural defense mechanisms, and serve as chemical precursors to the cannabinoids themselves. Each cannabinoid acid has distinct chemical structures and properties, and while research is still in early stages, their diverse characteristics suggest a deeper scientific understanding could reveal additional beneficial uses. In this article, The Healing Rose examines what we currently understand about cannabinoid acids.

What is a Cannabinoid Acid?

Cannabinoid acids are the antecedent compounds to cannabinoids. The cannabis plant follows a biochemical pathway like a recipe to produce different cannabinoids, beginning with the production of basic chemical building blocks. Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) combines with olivetolic acid (OA) or divarinic acid (DA) from fatty acids to create what are known as mother cannabinoids. When combined with synthase enzymes, cannabinoid acids like CBGA, THCA, and CBDA are formed.

When exposed to heat, cannabinoid acids undergo decarboxylation, a process which alters their molecular structure and converts them into neutral cannabinoids. In this reactive process, the chemical structure of the acid loses a carboxyl group (an organic, functional group consisting of a carbon atom that’s double-bonded to an oxygen atom and singly bonded to a hydroxyl group), transforming the acid into a neutral molecule. A prime example is when a flame heats cannabis containing THCA inside a smoking device, the THCA is converted into neutral THC, and the smoker gets high.

Research has shown cannabinoid acids possess different properties than their neutral components. Continued scientific research could reveal even more distinctions, meaning the potential to increase the current understanding of cannabinoid acids could also increase its useful applications.

Key Cannabinoid Acids & Properties

One challenge with cannabinoid acid study is its instability. Though triggered by heat, drying, and combustion, some level of decarboxylation occurs naturally inside the plant. When exposed to air, the proportion of acidic to neutral cannabinoids changes. As decarboxylation is easily initiated, preserving original plant ratios for isolation and study can be challenging.

There are four cannabinoid acids that are better understood and more widely used than others:

CBDA – Unlike CBD which interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system, CBDA binds to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes, which are associated with inflammation and pain. Research suggests that CBDA may inhibit COX-2, indirectly interacting with the endocannabinoid pathway. Additionally, CBDA may interact with the body’s serotonin receptors. While CBDA may be more potent than CBD for several applications, its greater instability ultimately means a CBDA isolate has a shorter shelf life than its neutral cannabinoid. CBD, naturally derived from CBDA, is widely used in products including tinctures, salves, and relaxing bath soaks.

CBCA – CBCA is the chemical precursor to CBC, which can be found in products like our Rest Oil. Less is known about CBCA than other cannabinoids, and little research has been conducted into the potential effects and benefits of this cannabinoid acid. Part of the reason CBCA is so infrequently studied is because very little of the compound is found in cannabis flowers as they reach maturity.

CBGA – CBGA is a major building block of other cannabinoids like THC, CBD, and CBC. It appears in high concentrations within the plant before being converted into other cannabinoids early in the plant’s vegetative stage, but at a smaller concentration closer to the plant’s maturity. While early studies focused on this compound’s conversion to THCA, researchers have suggested this raw form of CBG may have its own unique benefits including supporting stress relief. Studies have shown neutral CBG has wellness benefits, especially in combination with other cannabinoids, and used in products like our massage oil and tincture.

THCA – This cannabinoid acid is found in higher concentrations in fresh flowers than in dried buds. While it is the parent to THC, THCA itself does not get you high. Once it is heated, it is instantly converted to THC, producing feelings of euphoria. If this isolate is consumed without heating, studies suggest THCA may support inflammation and nausea issues. Crystalline THCA, often referred to as diamonds, are often found in dabs, which some consumers say makes their high last longer. Research has shown THCA interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system in a similar way to THCV, featured in our Uplift Oil.

What Can Cannabinoid Acids Do for Me?

As more research is conducted on the uses and properties of cannabinoid acids, scientists are uncovering a range of potentially beneficial impacts on the body. Continued research may pave the way for cannabinoid acids to play a greater role in our wellness routines.

Are there currently any cannabinoid acid products available?

At The Healing Rose, we create products that highlight the benefits of cannabinoids to support your wellness journey. We are excited about what future study may reveal about cannabinoid acids, and are exploring their inclusion in our growing product line. Our dedication to using safe, organic, natural ingredients ensures you’ll find only the best quality in our products. Sign up for our newsletter and visit our online storefront to stay tuned for new additions.